Why do geckos stick to walls and ceilings?

Geckos stick to walls and ceilings using specialised toe pads covered with microscopic hair-like structures called setae. These setae split into even smaller structures called spatulae, which generate intermolecular forces known as van der Waals forces. These forces create enough adhesion for geckos to climb smooth vertical surfaces and even hang upside down. This remarkable ability allows them to escape predators and hunt for insects in hard-to-reach places. The gecko’s climbing prowess has inspired advancements in adhesive technologies.