What causes stalactites and stalagmites to form in caves?

Stalactites and stalagmites form in caves due to the deposition of minerals from dripping water. As water containing dissolved calcium carbonate drips from the ceiling, it leaves behind mineral deposits, creating stalactites that hang down. When the droplets hit the floor, they form stalagmites that grow upward. Over time, these formations can grow large and even meet to form columns, showcasing the slow yet stunning processes of mineral deposition.