How do plants grow in the absence of soil?

Plants can grow without soil using methods like hydroponics or aeroponics. In hydroponics, plants are grown in nutrient-rich water solutions that provide all essential minerals. Aeroponics involves suspending plants in air and misting their roots with a nutrient solution. These techniques are highly efficient, using less water and space than traditional soil-based farming. They are often employed in urban areas or environments with poor soil quality. Such innovations have made it possible to grow crops in otherwise inhospitable conditions, including space missions.