How do plants grow without soil?

Plants can grow without soil through a method called hydroponics, where they are cultivated in a nutrient-rich water solution. The roots are supported by materials like perlite, rock wool, or clay pellets to provide stability. Hydroponic systems supply essential nutrients directly to the plant’s roots, promoting faster growth and higher yields compared to traditional soil farming. This technique is commonly used in urban farming, space missions, and regions with poor soil quality. Hydroponics also uses less water and space, making it an environmentally sustainable option for agriculture.