How do fungi form symbiotic relationships with plants?

Fungi form symbiotic relationships with plants through mycorrhizal associations. The fungal hyphae penetrate or surround plant roots, extending their reach into the soil. In exchange for sugars produced by the plant via photosynthesis, fungi provide nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen that are difficult for plants to absorb on their own. This mutualistic relationship enhances plant growth and improves soil health, making fungi essential for many ecosystems.