What causes the Earth’s magnetic field?

The Earth’s magnetic field is generated by the movement of molten iron and other metals in the Earth’s outer core. As the Earth rotates, convection currents in the molten iron create electric currents, which generate magnetic fields. This dynamic process, known as the geodynamo, produces a magnetic field that extends from the Earth’s core to the outer atmosphere, creating the magnetosphere. This magnetic field plays a crucial role in protecting the Earth from harmful solar radiation and cosmic rays.