What causes mountain ranges to form?

Mountain ranges form through tectonic processes, such as the collision of continental plates. When two plates converge, the crust is pushed upward, creating fold mountains like the Himalayas. Volcanic mountains form when magma rises to the surface, as seen in the Andes. Fault-block mountains arise from the crust being stretched and broken, with blocks tilting or lifting. These processes take millions of years, reshaping Earth’s surface dramatically.