How do glaciers carve valleys?

Glaciers carve valleys through a process called glacial erosion. As glaciers move, their immense weight and embedded debris grind against the rock below, creating U-shaped valleys. Two main erosion processes occur: plucking, where rocks are lifted from the bedrock, and abrasion, where debris within the ice polishes and scours the surface. These actions reshape the landscape, leaving behind striking geological features like fjords and cirques.