How do chameleons change their color?

Chameleons change color through specialized pigment cells called chromatophores, which contain different pigments. Beneath these cells are iridophores, which reflect light and allow the chameleon to create a variety of colors. The chameleon’s brain sends signals to adjust the size and shape of the chromatophores, enabling it to change its appearance. This color change is used for communication, camouflage, and regulating body temperature, making it a critical survival adaptation.