How do chameleons change color?

Chameleons change color through special pigment cells in their skin called chromatophores. These cells contain pigments of different colors and can expand or contract, changing the animal’s skin color. Below the chromatophores, chameleons have iridophores, which reflect light, helping to create vibrant colors and patterns. Color change is often a response to environmental factors, like temperature or light, and is also used for communication, such as signaling emotions or attracting mates.