What is the function of the mitochondria in cells?

Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for producing energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). They do this through a process called cellular respiration, which converts glucose and oxygen into energy. Mitochondria also play a role in regulating the cell cycle, controlling cell growth, and initiating apoptosis (programmed cell death). In addition to energy production, mitochondria help maintain cellular calcium levels and influence cellular metabolism. They have their own DNA, which supports the theory that they evolved from ancient bacteria.