How do octopuses change color?

Octopuses change color through specialized cells in their skin called chromatophores, which contain different pigments. Below the chromatophores, octopuses also have iridophores, which reflect light, giving them the ability to create a wide range of colors and patterns. This color change allows octopuses to blend in with their surroundings for camouflage, communicate with each other, or express emotions. Additionally, their skin texture can also change, allowing them to mimic rocks, coral, or other elements in their environment.