How do birds recognise their nests?

Birds recognise their nests using visual landmarks, spatial memory, and sometimes their sense of smell. They become familiar with the location and surroundings during nest building and use these cues to navigate back. Some species, like swallows, build distinctive nests that make identification easier. Others, like penguins, rely on vocal calls to locate their nest in crowded colonies. This ability to recognise their home is crucial for protecting their eggs and raising their chicks successfully.