Why do some animals have venom?

Many animals have evolved venom as a means of defense or to subdue prey. Venom can paralyze, kill, or deter predators and competitors, ensuring the survival of the animal. For instance, snakes like cobras and vipers use venom to immobilize and digest prey before consuming it. Some animals, like bees and spiders, use venom as a defense mechanism to protect themselves and their territories. Venom is made up of a complex mix of proteins and enzymes that vary in potency and function, depending on the species and its environment.