How do plants reproduce?

Plants reproduce through sexual and asexual means. In sexual reproduction, plants produce seeds through flowers or cones, where pollen from male reproductive organs fertilizes ovules in the female organs. The fertilized ovules develop into seeds that can grow into new plants. Asexual reproduction occurs through processes like budding, fragmentation, or vegetative propagation, where a new plant grows from part of the parent plant, such as roots, stems, or leaves. These methods ensure plant species can thrive and spread across different environments.