How do desert plants conserve water?

Desert plants conserve water through adaptations such as thick, waxy surfaces, reduced leaf sizes, and specialised root systems. Succulents like cacti store water in their stems, while other plants, like mesquite, have deep roots that reach underground water sources. Many desert plants also open their stomata only at night to minimise water loss through transpiration. These strategies allow them to thrive in arid environments with minimal rainfall.