How do mangrove trees survive in saltwater environments?

Mangrove trees have unique adaptations to thrive in saline coastal habitats. They filter salt through specialised root systems or excrete it through leaves. Some species have aerial roots called pneumatophores, which allow oxygen uptake in waterlogged soils. Mangroves stabilise sediments with their extensive root systems, reducing erosion and protecting coastlines. Their ability to survive in such harsh conditions makes them vital ecosystems, providing habitats for marine life and acting as carbon sinks.