Why do some animals have bright markings or patterns?

Bright markings and patterns in animals often serve as a form of warning, communication, or camouflage. For example, the vibrant colors of the poison dart frog signal to predators that the frog is toxic. In other species, such as butterflies and birds, bright colors may be used to attract mates or ward off rivals. In some cases, such as the stripes of zebras or the spotted coats of leopards, patterns help the animal blend into its surroundings, providing camouflage from predators or prey.