How do seeds germinate?

Seed germination is the process by which a seed develops into a new plant. It begins when the seed absorbs water, causing it to swell and break open, allowing the embryo plant to begin growing. The seed’s outer coating softens, and the embryonic root (radicle) is the first to emerge, anchoring the plant in the soil. The stem (plumule) then grows upward toward the surface, eventually sprouting leaves. Germination requires the right conditions, including warmth, moisture, and oxygen, for the seed to sprout and grow.