How do polar bears stay warm in extreme cold?

Polar bears have several adaptations that help them survive in the frigid conditions of the Arctic. They have a thick layer of fat beneath their skin that insulates them from the cold. Their fur is dense and acts as both insulation and waterproofing, trapping a layer of air close to their bodies. Additionally, polar bears have black skin beneath their fur that absorbs heat from the sun. They also have small ears and paws, which reduce heat loss, and their large paws help distribute their weight on the ice to prevent sinking.