How do birds navigate during migration?

Birds navigate during migration using a combination of environmental cues. Many species rely on the Sun, stars, and Earth’s magnetic field to find their way across long distances. Some birds also use landmarks like coastlines, mountain ranges, or rivers to guide their journey. Research suggests that some birds can even sense changes in the Earth’s magnetic field through specialized cells in their eyes or beaks. Birds often migrate in large flocks, using social interactions to help maintain their route and timing.