What is the role of the mitochondria in human cells?

Mitochondria are the powerhouses of human cells, responsible for producing most of the cell’s energy. They generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through cellular respiration, a process that converts glucose and oxygen into energy. Mitochondria also play key roles in regulating the cell cycle, controlling cell death (apoptosis), and storing calcium. They have their own DNA, which supports the theory that they evolved from ancient symbiotic bacteria. Mitochondria are essential for the energy needs of the body, particularly in high-energy tissues like muscles and the brain.