Why do some animals hibernate?

Animals hibernate to conserve energy during periods of food scarcity or extreme cold. During hibernation, their metabolism slows significantly, reducing the need for food and water. Body temperature, heart rate, and breathing rate also decrease. Species like bears, hedgehogs, and certain reptiles enter this state to survive harsh winter conditions. In some cases, hibernation occurs in response to heat or drought, known as aestivation. This adaptation allows animals to endure challenging environments and conserve resources until conditions improve.