How do octopuses change colour?

Octopuses change color and texture using specialized cells in their skin called chromatophores, which contain pigments, and iridophores, which reflect light. By expanding or contracting these cells, octopuses can alter their appearance to blend in with their environment, communicate with other octopuses, or express emotion. The ability to change color helps them camouflage from predators and prey, making them incredibly effective hunters and survivors in their underwater habitats. This remarkable ability is controlled by their brain and nervous system, allowing for precise and rapid changes.