How do whales stay warm in cold ocean waters?

Whales stay warm in cold waters thanks to their thick layer of blubber, which acts as an insulating barrier. This fat layer is rich in energy and helps retain body heat even in icy environments. Whales also have a counter-current heat exchange system in their blood vessels, which minimises heat loss in their extremities. Their large size further reduces heat loss due to their low surface area-to-volume ratio. These adaptations enable whales to thrive in some of the coldest ocean regions on Earth.