How do octopuses camouflage themselves?

Octopuses are masters of camouflage and can change both the color and texture of their skin to blend in with their surroundings. They have specialized cells in their skin called chromatophores that contain pigments, allowing them to produce different colors. Beneath these cells, they also have iridophores and leucophores that reflect light, contributing to a shimmering effect. In addition to color change, octopuses can adjust the texture of their skin using muscles, helping them mimic the appearance of rocks, sand, or coral for protection from predators.