How do penguins survive in such cold environments?

Penguins have several adaptations that allow them to survive in the extreme cold of places like Antarctica. They have a thick layer of blubber beneath their skin to insulate against the cold, as well as dense feathers that trap air for additional warmth. Penguins also have specialized circulatory systems that minimize heat loss, such as blood vessels in their legs that exchange heat with the surrounding blood to maintain body temperature. Their social behavior of huddling together during harsh weather also helps conserve warmth and protect them from freezing temperatures.