Why do leaves have stomata?

Leaves have stomata to regulate gas exchange and water loss. These small openings, controlled by guard cells, allow carbon dioxide to enter for photosynthesis and oxygen to exit as a by-product. Stomata also enable transpiration, the process of water evaporation, which helps transport nutrients from the roots to the leaves. By opening and closing in response to environmental conditions, stomata balance the plant’s needs for photosynthesis and water conservation, ensuring optimal growth.