How do coral reefs form?
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Coral reefs form when tiny coral polyps secrete calcium carbonate to create protective skeletons. Over time, these skeletons accumulate and build up into reef structures. Corals form symbiotic relationships with algae called zooxanthellae, which provide them with nutrients through photosynthesis and give reefs their vibrant colours. Coral reefs thrive in shallow, warm waters with plenty of sunlight, making them one of the most biodiverse ecosystems on Earth. However, they are vulnerable to threats such as climate change and pollution, which can cause coral bleaching and degradation.