How do volcanoes create fertile soil?

Volcanoes create fertile soil by depositing nutrient-rich ash and lava that breaks down over time. Volcanic rocks contain essential minerals like potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium, which enrich the soil as they weather. These nutrients support plant growth, making volcanic regions highly productive for agriculture. For example, the fertile plains around Mount Vesuvius in Italy and Mount Kilimanjaro in Africa have supported farming for centuries. Despite the risks, volcanic activity plays a vital role in rejuvenating ecosystems.