What causes the formation of hurricanes?

Hurricanes form over warm ocean waters near the equator when sea surface temperatures exceed 26°C (79°F). Warm, moist air rises, creating low-pressure zones that draw in surrounding air. As the air spirals due to Earth’s rotation (Coriolis effect), it forms a spinning storm system. The energy from the warm ocean fuels the storm, causing it to grow in size and intensity. When wind speeds reach 74 mph (119 km/h), the system is classified as a hurricane. Hurricanes can cause widespread damage through strong winds, heavy rainfall, and storm surges, especially when they make landfall.