How do ants build complex colonies?

Ants build complex colonies by working collectively and using specialised roles. Workers excavate tunnels and chambers, creating spaces for nurseries, food storage, and the queen’s quarters. Ants communicate using pheromones, coordinating their efforts and responding to threats or environmental changes. Some species, like leafcutter ants, farm fungi for food, demonstrating advanced cooperative behaviour. These colonies function as highly organised systems, showcasing the efficiency of social insects.