How do certain plants survive in extreme cold climates?

Plants in cold climates have evolved a variety of adaptations to survive freezing temperatures. Some, like evergreen trees, have needle-like leaves covered in a waxy coating that reduces water loss and protects them from snow and ice. Other plants enter a state of dormancy, slowing their metabolic processes during the cold months. Many cold-adapted plants also produce chemicals like antifreeze proteins or sugars that prevent their cells from freezing and ensure their survival during winter.