How do giraffes communicate with each other?

Giraffes communicate with each other using a variety of vocalizations, body language, and physical contact. While giraffes are generally silent, they can make low-frequency sounds such as grunts, snorts, and bleats, which are used to signal alarm or to communicate with their young. Giraffes also communicate through body language, such as necking (when males use their necks to fight for dominance) and licking each other’s faces as a sign of affection. Additionally, giraffes use scent marking to establish territories.