How do wolves communicate within their packs?

Wolves communicate within their packs through a combination of vocalisations, body language, and scent marking. Howling helps them coordinate hunting, maintain group cohesion, and defend their territory. Body language, such as tail position, ear posture, and facial expressions, conveys dominance, submission, or intent. Scent marking is used to define territory boundaries and signal the presence of the pack to rivals. These communication methods are vital for maintaining the social structure of the pack.