What is photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy. Using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water, they produce glucose and release oxygen as a by-product. The chemical equation for photosynthesis is: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂. This process occurs primarily in the chloroplasts of plant cells, which contain the pigment chlorophyll. Photosynthesis is vital for life on Earth as it forms the basis of the food chain and maintains the oxygen levels in the atmosphere. It also plays a key role in reducing carbon dioxide, helping mitigate climate change.