How do snakes move without legs?

Snakes move without legs by using their muscles and scales to create different types of motion. The most common methods include slithering, sidewinding, and concertina movement. In slithering, snakes push off irregularities in the ground with their belly scales, propelling themselves forward. Sidewinding is used on loose surfaces like sand, where the snake lifts parts of its body off the ground while moving sideways. Concertina movement allows snakes to climb or move through tight spaces by anchoring parts of their body and pulling the rest forward. These adaptations enable snakes to navigate diverse environments effectively.