How do butterflies migrate long distances?

Butterflies, like the monarch species, migrate long distances by using environmental cues such as the position of the Sun and Earth’s magnetic field. Monarchs travel thousands of kilometres from North America to central Mexico to escape cold winters. They conserve energy by riding thermal air currents and gliding over vast areas. During the journey, they rely on milkweed plants for food and as a place to lay eggs. This incredible migration is unique among insects and spans multiple generations, with offspring completing the journey started by their ancestors.