How do penguins keep warm in icy waters?

Penguins keep warm in icy waters thanks to their dense, waterproof feathers and a thick layer of blubber beneath their skin. Their feathers trap air close to their body, providing insulation and buoyancy. Penguins also huddle together in groups to conserve heat, with individuals taking turns standing on the outer edges. Additionally, their circulatory system reduces blood flow to their extremities while maintaining core body temperature, enabling them to thrive in frigid environments.